Degrees · Updated August 31, 2026
Undergraduate Degrees: A Guide to Common Study Pathways
An introduction to undergraduate degrees, majors, general education, electives, transfer routes, and planning for graduation.
What undergraduate study is
Undergraduate education is usually the first level of university study after secondary education. Structures vary internationally, but programs commonly combine a primary field of study with broader academic requirements.
Majors and concentrations
The major is the student's main academic concentration. Some institutions also offer minors, concentrations, tracks, or specializations. These labels have specific local meanings, so applicants should read the official curriculum.
General education
General education or core requirements expose students to fields outside the major. Depending on the system, they may include writing, mathematics, sciences, humanities, social sciences, or other areas.
Electives
Electives provide flexibility, but students should understand how much genuine choice exists. Prerequisites, scheduling, program restrictions, and credit limits can narrow the available options.
Transfer pathways
Some students begin through transfer pathways, community colleges, foundation programs, or other recognized routes. The key is to understand in advance how prior study will apply to the intended degree.
Planning toward graduation
Graduation planning should start early. Track required courses, prerequisites, credit totals, minimum grades, residency rules, and courses offered only in certain terms. A degree audit or adviser can help, but students benefit from understanding the requirements themselves.